I completely agree, Lin Lin, that the economic considerations have an outsized impact on how families (new and experienced) deal with the family/career balance. I find it slightly disturbing when there are asymmetrical efforts in mothers, fathers, etc. "optimizing" their workflow, i.e. transferring the overall work responsibility to the individual, versus efforts to adjust administrative, managerial and work expectations to acknowledge the realities of being a parent, and the realities of being a parent - and specifically a mother - today. There is good research that highlights these issues, e.g. for mothers (https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0146989) as well as grandmothers (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001429212400271X?ref=pdf_download&fr=RR-9&rr=8fe363fc3949ebd2), that should be a reason to pause and consider not just the effects of professional and societal expectations on individuals, but how to address the individuals in institutions who fail to take this into account.