Glossary

It occurs when the victim suffers further harm not as a direct result of the criminal act but due to the manner in which institutions and other individuals deal with the victim. Secondary victimization may be caused, for instance, by repeated exposure of the victim to the perpetrator, repeated interrogation about the same facts, the use of inappropriate language or insensitive comments made by all those who come into contact with victims (source).

It involves the manipulative use of explicit messages, images, or videos to coerce, pressure, or blackmail individuals into engaging in sexting activities against their will. Perpetrators may leverage intimate content shared consensually to exert control, threaten exposure, or demand further explicit material, leading to emotional distress and exploitation.

A form of blackmail where someone threatens to share private, explicit materials unless their demands, often for money or more sexual content, are met.

The UN defines sexual assault as sexual activity with another person who does not consent. It is a violation of bodily integrity and sexual autonomy and is broader than narrower conceptions of “rape”, especially because it may be committed by other means than force or violence, and it does not necessarily entail penetration.

It is defined as an actual or attempted abuse of someone's position of vulnerability (such as a person depending on you for survival, food rations, school, books, transport or other services), differential power or trust, to obtain sexual favours, including but not only, by offering money or other social, economic or political advantages. It includes trafficking and prostitution (source).

It affects personnel and is defined as any unwelcome conduct of a sexual nature that might reasonably be expected or be perceived to cause offence or humiliation. When such conduct interferes with work, is made a condition of employment or creates an intimidating, hostile or offensive work environment (source).

Each person’s capacity for profound emotional, affectional and sexual attraction to, and intimate and sexual relations with, individuals of a different gender, the same gender or more than one gender. It may be heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual, pansexual, or asexual. As most people are heterosexual, the world is predominantly structured around this orientation (source).

It involves engaging or causing someone to engage in non-consensual sexual acts. Sexual violence, including rape, can occur also within marriages or relationships.

The act of making someone feel humiliated or inferior because of their experiences or characteristics related to gender. This can include blaming victims of gender-based violence, ridiculing individuals for not conforming to gender norms, or publicly criticizing someone's appearance or behavior in a way that reinforces gender stereotypes.

It is the act of humiliating or criticizing someone for their sexual behavior or choices, often to enforce traditional sexual norms and stigmatize their sexuality.