The paper Experimental methods: Between-subject and within-subject design examines two main experimental designs, within-subject and between-subject approaches, in economic and psychological research.
It discusses the pros and cons of each method: within-subject designs offer higher statistical power and alignment with theory but risk carry-over effects, while between-subject designs avoid these biases but require larger samples.
The authors emphasize context-driven selection of design to minimize biases, suggesting strategies for mitigating confounds and maximizing experimental validity depending on the study's goals.

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