Here is a summary of some dysfunctional expressions used in conflict communication.

  • Generalizations, often with reproaches (“You're always the same!”).
  • Assessments and judgements (“You did not understand this aspect”).
  • Orders (“You have to be tidier at work!”).
  • Accusations and interpretations (“You are so aggressive because you work too much!”).
  • Irony and sarcasm (“Interesting idea, a surprise considering that it comes from you!”).
  • Interrogative or rhetorical questions (“Do you also agree, or am I wrong?” Why… Why… Why…).
  • Offensive tones and direct accusations (“You’re so lazy!”, “You don’t understand anything!”, “You're incompetent…”).